Game theory-based photovoltaic array system reconfigure method: experimental validation
Isha Kansal and Rupendra Kumar Pachauri
Abstract
The performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems is significantly impacted by partial shading conditions (PSCs) when generating electricity. To mitigate these effects, researchers have explored modifying electrical connections and rearranging PV array modules. The primary goal of this research is to reduce shading's impact on PV systems and increase the global maximum power point (GMPP). In this study, the magic squares (MS) game puzzle (4×4 size) is used to demonstrate the PV system's performance, achieving 49.05W and 51.35W under realistic non-uniform irradiation levels. The total-cross-tied (TCT) and series-parallel (SP) methods are analyzed and compared, like the approach used in MS puzzles. Experimental validation shows good agreement with the MATLAB/Simulink analysis results in terms of low power loss (PL), GMPP locations, power enhancement (PE), and fill factor (FF). The results indicate that the suggested PV system is capable of producing satisfactory results.
Keyword
Renewable energy, Solar energy, Global maximum power, Shading effect, Power loss.
Cite this article
Kansal I, Pachauri RK.Game theory-based photovoltaic array system reconfigure method: experimental validation . International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration. 2023;10(99):202-217. DOI:10.19101/IJATEE.2021.876508
Refference
[1]Pareek S, Dahiya R. Enhanced power generation of partial shaded photovoltaic fields by forecasting the interconnection of modules. Energy. 2016; 95:561-72.
[2]Sahu HS, Nayak SK, Mishra S. Maximizing the power generation of a partially shaded PV array. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics. 2015; 4(2):626-37.
[3]Rakesh N, Madhavaram TV. Performance enhancement of partially shaded solar PV array using novel shade dispersion technique. Frontiers in Energy. 2016; 10(2):227-39.
[4]Sahu HS, Nayak SK. Extraction of maximum power from a PV array under nonuniform irradiation conditions. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. 2016; 63(12):4825-31.
[5]Pareek S, Chaturvedi N, Dahiya R. Optimal interconnections to address partial shading losses in solar photovoltaic arrays. Solar Energy. 2017; 155:537-51.
[6]Vengatesh RP, Rajan SE. Analysis of PV module connected in different configurations under uniform and non-uniform solar radiations. International journal of Green Energy. 2016; 13(14):1507-16.
[7]Belhaouas N, Cheikh MS, Agathoklis P, Oularbi MR, Amrouche B, Sedraoui K, et al. PV array power output maximization under partial shading using new shifted PV array arrangements. Applied Energy. 2017; 187:326-37.
[8]Malathy S, Ramaprabha R. Reconfiguration strategies to extract maximum power from photovoltaic array under partially shaded conditions. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2018; 81:2922-34.
[9]Babu TS, Ram JP, Dragičević T, Miyatake M, Blaabjerg F, Rajasekar N. Particle swarm optimization based solar PV array reconfiguration of the maximum power extraction under partial shading conditions. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy. 2017; 9(1):74-85.
[10]Pillai DS, Ram JP, Nihanth MS, Rajasekar N. A simple, sensorless and fixed reconfiguration scheme for maximum power enhancement in PV systems. Energy Conversion and Management. 2018; 172:402-17.
[11]Madhusudanan G, Senthilkumar S, Anand I, Sanjeevikumar P. A shade dispersion scheme using Latin square arrangement to enhance power production in solar photovoltaic array under partial shading conditions. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy. 2018; 10(5):1-14.
[12]Krishna GS, Moger T. Improved SuDoKu reconfiguration technique for total-cross-tied PV array to enhance maximum power under partial shading conditions. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2019; 109:333-48.
[13]Nasiruddin I, Khatoon S, Jalil MF, Bansal RC. Shade diffusion of partial shaded PV array by using odd-even structure. Solar Energy. 2019; 181:519-29.
[14]Nihanth MS, Ram JP, Pillai DS, Ghias AM, Garg A, Rajasekar N. Enhanced power production in PV arrays using a new skyscraper puzzle based one-time reconfiguration procedure under partial shade conditions (PSCs). Solar Energy. 2019; 194:209-24.
[15]Sagar G, Pathak D, Gaur P, Jain V. A Su Do Ku puzzle based shade dispersion for maximum power enhancement of partially shaded hybrid bridge-link-total-cross-tied PV array. Solar Energy. 2020; 204:161-80.
[16]Gul S, Ul HA, Jalal M, Anjum A, Khalil IU. A unified approach for analysis of faults in different configurations of PV arrays and its impact on power grid. Energies. 2019; 13(1):1-23.
[17]Babu TS, Yousri D, Balasubramanian K. Photovoltaic array reconfiguration system for maximizing the harvested power using population-based algorithms. IEEE Access. 2020; 8:109608-24.
[18]Premkumar M, Subramaniam U, Babu TS, Elavarasan RM, Mihet-popa L. Evaluation of mathematical model to characterize the performance of conventional and hybrid PV array topologies under static and dynamic shading patterns. Energies. 2020; 13(12):1-37.
[19]Kour J, Shukla A. Comparative analysis of different reconfiguration schemes for power enhancement under various shading scenarios. Solar Energy. 2021; 230:91-108.
[20]Satpathy PR, Babu TS, Shanmugam SK, Popavath LN, Alhelou HH. Impact of uneven shading by neighboring buildings and clouds on the conventional and hybrid configurations of roof-top PV arrays. IEEE Access. 2021; 9:139059-73.
[21]Varma GH, Barry VR, Jain RK. Reconfiguration TCT array strategy for superior performance of PV water pumping system. In national power electronics conference 2021 (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
[22]Pachauri RK, Thanikanti SB, Bai J, Yadav VK, Aljafari B, Ghosh S, et al. Ancient Chinese magic square-based PV array reconfiguration methodology to reduce power loss under partial shading conditions. Energy Conversion and Management. 2022.
[23]Mishra VL, Chauhan YK, Verma KS. A novel PV array reconfiguration approach to mitigate non-uniform irradiation effect. Energy Conversion and Management. 2022.
[24]Cherukuri SK, Kumar BP, Kaniganti KR, Muthubalaji S, Devadasu G, Babu TS, et al. A novel array configuration technique for improving the power output of the partial shaded photovoltaic system. IEEE Access. 2022; 10:15056-67.
[25]Pachauri RK, Motahhir S, Gupta AK, Sharma M, Minai AF, Hossain MS, et al. Game theory based strategy to reconfigure PV module arrangements for achieving higher GMPP under PSCs: Experimental feasibility. Energy Reports. 2022; 8:10088-112.
[26]Yadav VK, Yadav A, Yadav R, Mittal A, Wazir NH, Gupta S, et al. A novel reconfiguration technique for improvement of PV reliability. Renewable Energy. 2022; 182:508-20.
[27]Aljafari B, Satpathy PR, Thanikanti SB. Partial shading mitigation in PV arrays through dragonfly algorithm based dynamic reconfiguration. Energy. 2022.
[28]Yousri D, Fathy A, El-saadany EF. Four square sudoku approach for alleviating shading effect on total-cross-tied PV array. Energy Conversion and Management. 2022.
[29]Suresh HN, Rajanna S, Thanikanti SB, Alhelou HH. Hybrid interconnection schemes for output power enhancement of solar photovoltaic array under partial shading conditions. IET Renewable Power Generation. 2022; 16(13):2859-80.
[30]Aljafari B, Satpathy PR, Madeti SR, Vishnuram P, Thanikanti SB. Reliability enhancement of photovoltaic systems under partial shading through a two-step module placement approach. Energies. 2022; 15(20):1-27.
[31]Patro SK, Saini RP. Performance analysis of PV array under partial shading conditions with bypass diode and static array configuration. In smart energy and advancement in power technologies: select proceedings of ICSEAPT 2021 (pp. 1-8). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
[32]Saiprakash C, Mohapatra A, Nayak B, Babu TS, Alhelou HH. A novel benzene structured array configuration for harnessing maximum power from PV array under partial shading condition with reduced number of cross ties. IEEE Access. 2022; 10:129712-26.
[33]Yousri D, El-saadany EF, Shaker Y, Babu TS, Zobaa AF, Allam D. Mitigating mismatch power loss of series–parallel and total-cross-tied array configurations using novel enhanced heterogeneous hunger games search optimizer. Energy Reports. 2022; 8:9805-27.
[34]Rahiminejad A, Ghafouri M, Atallah R, Lucia W, Debbabi M, Mohammadi A. Resilience enhancement of Islanded microgrid by diversification, reconfiguration, and DER placement/sizing. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2023.
[35]Muniyandi V, Manimaran S, Balasubramanian AK. Improving the power output of a partially shaded photovoltaic array through a hybrid magic square configuration with differential evolution-based adaptive P&O MPPT method. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering. 2023; 145(5):1-14.
[36]Thanikanti SB, Kumar P, Devakirubakaran S, Aljafari B, Colak I. A dynamic mismatch loss mitigation algorithm with dual input dual output converter for solar PV systems. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 2023.
[37]Murtaza AF, Sher HA. A reconfiguration circuit to boost the output power of a partially shaded PV string. Energies. 2023; 16(2):1-13.
[38]Guo Z, Yang B, Chen Y, Li Z, Li Q, Deng J, et al. Modular thermoelectric generation arrays reconfiguration under heterogeneous temperature distribution via improved cooperation search algorithm: modelling, design and HIL validation. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2023.
[39]Dhariwal R, Kumar B. Rearrangement of the PV array to reduce the effect of partial shading using meta-heuristic techniques. In recent advances in power systems: select proceedings of EPREC 2023 (pp. 89-96). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
[40]Narne DK, Kumar TR, Alla RR. Traditional and hybrid solar photovoltaic array configurations for partial shading conditions: perspectives and challenges. Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics. 2023; 12(2):642-9.