Abstract

Amid the pressing global issue of waste generation and its escalating environmental impact, an innovative avenue for sustainability emerges through the integration of waste glass (WG) into concrete production. By replacing conventional materials, WG not only reduces cement consumption but also capitalizes on its silica-based composition to catalyse the formation of secondary calcium-silicate-hydrates (C-S-H) via interactions with cement particles. The study encompassed varying levels of WG (2% to 10%) in concrete mixes with a consistent water-to-binder ratio, assessing key properties including compressive strength, workability, and resistance to acid and sulphate exposure. Compressive strength for individual samples were examined after 7, 28, and 90 days of curing. Resistance to acid and sulphate exposure was examined by noting change in weight and strength after immersing samples in individual solutions after 7, 28, and 90 days. Remarkably, the most favourable outcomes were achieved with a 10% cement replacement by WG, resulting in a notable enhancement of compressive strength. Furthermore, the incorporation of WG yielded augmented workability, alongside reduced water absorption and density, attributed to the creation of C-S-H gel through pozzolanic reactions. Encouragingly, the concrete specimens showcased heightened resistance to sulphate exposure over a 90-day span, indicating its potential for enduring durability. These compelling findings underscore WG as an ecologically responsible and economically viable resource, offering a sustainable solution for advancing concrete production while addressing the imperative of responsible waste management, thereby steering construction practices toward heightened environmental conscientiousness.

Keyword

C-S-H gel, Acid resistance, Sulphate resistance, Beverage glass.

Cite this article

Mathur M, Chhipa RC

Refference

[1][1]Rashad AM. A brief on high-volume class F fly ash as cement replacement–a guide for civil engineer. International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment. 2015; 4(2):278-306.

[2][2]Taha B, Nounu G. Utilizing waste recycled glass as sand/cement replacement in concrete. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. 2009; 21(12):709-21.

[3][3]Gupta J, Jethoo AS, Lata N. Assessment of mechanical properties by using powder waste glass with cement in concrete mix. In IOP conference series: materials science and engineering 2020. IOP Publishing.

[4][4]Qaidi S, Najm HM, Abed SM, Özkılıç YO, Al DH, Alosta M, et al. Concrete containing waste glass as an environmentally friendly aggregate: a review on fresh and mechanical characteristics. Materials. 2022; 15(18):6222.

[5][5]Somani P, Gaur A. RETRACTED: Evaluation and reduction of temperature stresses in concrete pavement by using phase changing material. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2020; 32(4): 856-64.

[6][6]Ling TC, Poon CS. Effects of particle size of treated CRT funnel glass on properties of cement mortar. Materials and Structures. 2013; 46:25-34.

[7][7]Jani Y, Hogland W. Waste glass in the production of cement and concrete–a review. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2014; 2(3):1767-75.

[8][8]Gupta J, Jethoo AS, Ramana PV. Magnetize mechanical strength effect on concrete due to diverse water. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2021; 44:4867-72.

[9][9]Rashad AM. Recycled waste glass as fine aggregate replacement in cementitious materials based on portland cement. Construction and Building Materials. 2014; 72:340-57.

[10][10]Amin M, Agwa IS, Mashaan N, Mahmood S, Abd-elrahman MH. Investigation of the physical mechanical properties and durability of sustainable ultra-high performance concrete with recycled waste glass. Sustainability. 2023; 15(4):1-21.

[11][11]Gebremichael NN, Jadidi K, Karakouzian M. Waste glass recycling: the combined effect of particle size and proportion in concrete manufactured with waste recycled glass. Construction and Building Materials. 2023; 392:132044.

[12][12]Hamada HM, Shi J, Abed F, Al JMS, Majdi A, Yousif ST. Recycling solid waste to produce eco-friendly ultra-high performance concrete: a review of durability, microstructure and environment characteristics. Science of The Total Environment. 2023; 876:162804.

[13][13]Baikerikar A, Mudalgi S, Ram VV. Utilization of waste glass powder and waste glass sand in the production of Eco-Friendly concrete. Construction and Building Materials. 2023; 377:131078.

[14][14]Ahmad J, Aslam F, Martinez-garcia R, De-prado-gil J, Qaidi S, Brahmia A. Effects of waste glass and waste marble on mechanical and durability performance of concrete. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11(1):1-17

[15][15]Ahmad J, Zhou Z. Strength and durability properties of waste glass based self compacting concrete: a review. Silicon. 2023: 1-24.

[16][16]Ahmad J, Zhou Z, Martínez-garcía R. A study on the microstructure and durability performance of rubberized concrete with waste glass as binding material. Journal of Building Engineering. 2022; 49:104054.

[17][17]Gholampour A, Danish A, Ozbakkaloglu T, Yeon JH, Gencel O. Mechanical and durability properties of natural fiber-reinforced geopolymers containing lead smelter slag and waste glass sand. Construction and Building Materials. 2022; 352:129043.

[18][18]Bameri M, Rashidi S, Mohammadhasani M, Maghsoudi M, Madani H, Rahmani F. Evaluation of mechanical and durability properties of eco-friendly concrete containing silica fume, waste glass powder, and ground granulated blast furnace slag. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. 2022; 2022:1-22.

[19][19]Da SFMJ, De SML, De PVVC, Cabral AE. Durability analysis of partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement by white glass waste concrete. Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation. 2023; 8(1):43.

[20][20]Saeed D, Singh N. Strategies to enhance the moisture-barrier qualities of concrete mixtures to improve their durability. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2023.

[21][21]Peng L, Zhao Y, Ban J, Wang Y, Shen P, Lu JX, et al. Enhancing the corrosion resistance of recycled aggregate concrete by incorporating waste glass powder. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2023; 137:104909.

[22][22]Hanif A. Sustainable use of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) and liquid crystal display (LCD) glass wastes as cement replacement in concrete. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2023.

[23][23]Janowska-renkas E, Zdrojek M, Kozioł M, Kaliciak-kownacka A. Effect of composition of geopolymer composites containing fly ash and waste glass powder on their durability and resistivity demonstrated in presence of a nanocarbon additive in a form of graphene. Measurement. 2023; 211:112616.

[24][24]Afshinnia K, Rangaraju PR. Impact of combined use of ground glass powder and crushed glass aggregate on selected properties of Portland cement concrete. Construction and Building Materials. 2016; 117:263-72.

[25][25]Omran A, Tagnit-hamou A. Performance of glass-powder concrete in field applications. Construction and Building Materials. 2016; 109:84-95.

[26][26]Shayan A, Xu A. Performance of glass powder as a pozzolanic material in concrete: a field trial on concrete slabs. Cement and Concrete Research. 2006; 36(3):457-68.

[27][27]Bisht K, Kabeer KS, Ramana PV. Gainful utilization of waste glass for production of sulphuric acid resistance concrete. Construction and Building Materials. 2020; 235:117486.

[28][28]Ballester P, Mármol I, Morales J, Sánchez L. Use of limestone obtained from waste of the mussel cannery industry for the production of mortars. Cement and Concrete Research. 2007; 37(4):559-64.

[29][29]Farinha C, De BJ, Veiga R. Incorporation of fine sanitary ware aggregates in coating mortars. Construction and Building Materials. 2015; 83:194-206.

[30][30]Idir R, Cyr M, Tagnit-hamou A. Pozzolanic properties of fine and coarse color-mixed glass cullet. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2011; 33(1):19-29.

[31][31]Choi SY, Choi YS, Yang EI. Effects of heavy weight waste glass recycled as fine aggregate on the mechanical properties of mortar specimens. Annals of Nuclear Energy. 2017; 99:372-82.

[32][32]Du H, Tan KH. Properties of high volume glass powder concrete. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2017; 75:22-9.

[33][33]Ling TC, Poon CS. Utilization of recycled glass derived from cathode ray tube glass as fine aggregate in cement mortar. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2011; 192(2):451-6.

[34][34]Matos AM, Sousa-coutinho J. Durability of mortar using waste glass powder as cement replacement. Construction and Building Materials. 2012; 36:205-15.

[35][35]Saccani A, Bignozzi MC. ASR expansion behavior of recycled glass fine aggregates in concrete. Cement and Concrete Research. 2010; 40(4):531-6.

[36][36]Byars EA, Morales-hernandezz B, Huiying Z. Waste glass as concrete aggregate and pozzolan: laboratory and industrial projects. Concrete (London). 2004; 38(1):41-4.

[37][37]Siad H, Lachemi M, Sahmaran M, Mesbah HA, Hossain KM. Use of recycled glass powder to improve the performance properties of high volume fly ash-engineered cementitious composites. Construction and Building Materials. 2018; 163:53-62.

[38][38]Nahi S, Leklou N, Khelidj A, Oudjit MN, Zenati A. Properties of cement pastes and mortars containing recycled green glass powder. Construction and Building Materials. 2020; 262:120875.

[39][39]Khan SU, Nuruddin MF, Ayub T, Shafiq N. Effects of different mineral admixtures on the properties of fresh concrete. The Scientific World Journal. 2014; 2014:1-12.

[40][40]Schwarz N, Cam H, Neithalath N. Influence of a fine glass powder on the durability characteristics of concrete and its comparison to fly ash. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2008; 30(6):486-96.

[41][41]Lu JX, Zhan BJ, Duan ZH, Poon CS. Using glass powder to improve the durability of architectural mortar prepared with glass aggregates. Materials & Design. 2017; 135:102-11.

[42][42]Lu JX, Duan ZH, Poon CS. Fresh properties of cement pastes or mortars incorporating waste glass powder and cullet. Construction and Building Materials. 2017; 131:793-9.

[43][43]Carsana M, Frassoni M, Bertolini L. Comparison of ground waste glass with other supplementary cementitious materials. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2014; 45:39-45.

[44][44]Tanwar V, Bisht K, Kabeer KS, Ramana PV. Experimental investigation of mechanical properties and resistance to acid and sulphate attack of GGBS based concrete mixes with beverage glass waste as fine aggregate. Journal of Building Engineering. 2021; 41:102372.

[45][45]Bisht K, Siddique S, Ramana PV. Employing atomic force microscopy technique and X-ray diffraction analysis to examine nanostructure and phase of glass concrete. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering. 2022; 26(2):700-18.

[46][46]Shalan AH, El-gohary MM. Long-term sulfate resistance of blended cement concrete with waste glass powder. Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction. 2022; 27(4):04022047.