International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration (IJATEE) ISSN (Print): 2394-5443 ISSN (Online): 2394-7454 Volume - 11 Issue - 113 April - 2024

  1. Google Scholar
Enhancing grounding system efficiency through biopore technique in seasonal soil conditions

Dian Eka Putra, Yos Randika, Ifan Randika, Hafiz Inamullah, Widarianto , Aang Rusdiansyah and Wahyu Raharjo

Abstract

Resistance values in grounding systems are prone to variation due to weather changes. Specifically, soil condition fluctuations, transitioning from moist to dry, cause an increase in the resistance of prolonged grounding installations. This rise in grounding resistance is further influenced by seasonal shifts, such as the transition from wet to dry seasons. During the dry season, arid conditions dominate the research site, particularly affecting field and organic soils known for their rapid drying. To mitigate surface soil dryness, it is crucial to enhance the moisture content of the surface soil. The biopore technique was implemented at Bukit Asam Company in Tanjung Enim, Indonesia, to augment soil moisture around the grounding rod electrodes embedded in the soil. This study explored the biopore technique, which involved creating holes of various depths and filling them with a mixture of rice husks and salt (NaCl). This mixture serves as a water reservoir, utilizing water collected from the exhaust of air conditioning units. The primary goal of this method is to lower grounding resistance in dry conditions with dry surface soil. The result of modifying the depths of the biopore holes was a decrease in grounding resistance. Resistance diminished following the application of the biopore technique, combined with rice husks and NaCl. The findings suggest that enhancing soil moisture content can significantly reduce grounding resistance, with the reduction being directly proportional to the depth of the biopores.

Keyword

Grounding resistance, Biopore technique, Soil moisture enhancement, Seasonal variability, Electrical grounding systems.

Cite this article

Putra DE, Randika Y, Randika I, Inamullah H, WidariantoRusdiansyah A, Raharjo W.Enhancing grounding system efficiency through biopore technique in seasonal soil conditions . International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration. 2024;11(113):516-528. DOI:10.19101/IJATEE.2023.10102391

Refference

[1]Putra DE, Nawawi Z, Jambak MI. Earth resistance and earth construction to interference currents on swamp land. In international conference on sciences development and technology 2022 (pp. 20-7).

[2]Permal N, Osman M, Ariffin AM, Zainal M, Ab KA. Assessment of the grid safety values for substation grounding grid design parameters in vertical two-layer soil structure. Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology. 2022; 30(3):1789-1814.

[3]Adnan M, Abdul-malek Z, Din NS, Jambak MI, Nawawi Z, Sidik MA. Effects of lightning impulse front time on substation grounding system performance. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. 2020; 20(2):569-74.

[4]Sakar C, Toz AC, Buber M, Koseoglu B. Risk analysis of grounding accidents by mapping a fault tree into a Bayesian network. Applied Ocean Research. 2021; 113:102764.

[5]Nnamdi OS, Chandima G. New method for modelling seasonal variation in resistance and performance of earthing systems. Energies. 2023; 16(19):1-21.

[6]Win LL, Soe KT. Design consideration of electrical earthing system for high-rise building. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences. 2016; 26(2):270-82.

[7]https://www.scribd.com/document/638832057/SNI-04-0225-2000-General-req-for-Electrical-Installations. Accessed 24 March 2024.

[8]IEEE Std 81, IEEE guide for measuring earth resistivity, ground impedance, and earth surface potentials of a grounding system. 2012.

[9]Standard ZB. Guide for safety in AC substation grounding. IEEE Standards Association: Piscataway, NJ, USA. 2006:80-2000.

[10]Golovko L, Pozdnyakov AI. Electrical geophysical methods in agriculture. In proceeding of the 4th international symposium on intelligent technology in agriculture, Beijing, China 2007 (pp. 457-71).

[11]Duarte TF, Silva TJ, Bonfim-silva EM, Fenner W. Resistance of a red latosol to penetration: comparison of penetrometers, model adjustment, and soil water content correction. Engenharia Agrícola. 2020; 40(4):462-72.

[12]Wu X, Xu J, Ke W, Xu S, Feng B, Hu B. Effects of PH value on corrosion behavior of thermal-sprayed Al-Si coated Q235 steel in simulated soil solutions. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 2014; 23:2265-73.

[13]Hossain MS, Ahmed R, Hossain S. Design and optimization of substation grounding grid for ensuring the safety of personnel and equipment. Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2021; 5(1):71-80.

[14]Qiu L, Yang Y, Ma L, Qiao J. Research on the electrical resistivity characteristics of statue remolded soil. In IOP conference series: earth and environmental science 2021 (pp. 1-15). IOP Publishing.

[15]Martin Y, Permata D. Decreasing the value of grounding resistance in tropical soil through the addition of bentonite additives are activated physically. In proceeding of international conference: 3rd SHIELD 2018 (pp. 169-77).

[16]Tadza MY, Mohamad D, Tripathy S, Rahman RA, Ismail MA. Bentonite and marconite for electrical grounding applications from geotechnical engineering perspective. In AIP conference proceedings 2019. AIP Publishing.

[17]Harahap PH, Al-ani WK. The effect of charcoal on the improvement of grounding resistance as a soil treatment in reducing grounding resistance. Journal of Renewable Energy, Electrical, and Computer Engineering. 2021; 1(1):12-5.

[18]Yaacob ME, Lu L, Zulkifli SA, Roslan N, Ahmad WW. Agrivoltaic approach in improving soil resistivity in large scale solar farms for energy sustainability. Applied Energy. 2023; 352:121943.

[19]Ayodele TR, Ogunjuyigbe AS, Oyewole OE. Comparative assessment of the effect of earthing grid configurations on the earthing system using IEEE and finite element methods. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal. 2018; 21(5):970-83.

[20]Abdul AAW, Ahmad NN, Mohamad NN, Idris NF, Hanaffi F. Investigations on the performance of grounding device with spike rods (GDSR) with the effects of soil resistivity and configurations. Energies. 2020; 13(14):1-31.

[21]Ahmad R, Kassas M, Ahmed CB, Khan F, Khan S, Jamal A, et al. Application of mineral compounds for a high-voltage portable grounding system: an experimental study. Electronics. 2021; 10(16):1-22.

[22]Hassan AA, Nadhum GU. Geotechnical-electrical evaluation of soil compaction parameters, south of Baqubah city. The Iraqi Geological Journal. 2023: 144-55.

[23]Hernanda IG, Negara IM, Asfani DA, Ksatria AB, Pratama PD, Ramadhan SF. The effects of sulfuric acid and salt on the resistance value of bentonite grounding in the limestone soil. In international seminar on intelligent technology and its applications 2022 (pp. 365-70). IEEE.

[24]Gouda OE, Amer GM, EL-saied TM. Design of charts for ground resistance calculations of driven rods system in uniform and non-uniform soils. In proceedings of the xivth international symposium on high voltage engineering, Tsinghua University 2005 (pp. 1-5).

[25]Azmi NS, Mohamed D, Tadza MY. Effects of various relative humidity conditions on copper corrosion behavior in bentonite. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2022; 48:801-6.

[26]Noordin MI, Othman NA. The experimental analysis for different rod configurations of grounding system. Evolution in Electrical and Electronic Engineering. 2023; 4(2):215-24.

[27]Pratama R, Saputra WS. Analysis of additional bentonit and salt for improving the resistance of electrode rods. In IOP conference series: materials science and engineering 2018 (pp. 1-10). IOP Publishing.

[28]Haque AN, Uddin MK, Sulaiman MF, Amin AM, Hossain M, Zaibon S, et al. Assessing the increase in soil moisture storage capacity and nutrient enhancement of different organic amendments in paddy soil. Agriculture. 2021; 11(1):1-15.

[29]Tremsin VA. Real-time three-dimensional imaging of soil resistivity for assessment of moisture distribution for intelligent irrigation. Hydrology. 2017; 4(4):1-14.

[30]Kouchaki BM, Bernhardt-barry ML, Wood CM, Moody T. A laboratory investigation of factors influencing the electrical resistivity of different soil types. Geotechnical Testing Journal. 2019; 42(4):829-53.

[31]Onyedikachi SN, Gomes C, Van CJ. Equations for predicting the volumetric water content affecting the resistivity of soil in the vicinity of a driven earth electrode in variably saturated homogeneous soil. In 36th international conference on lightning protection 2022 (pp. 1-6). IEEE.

[32]Umasugi B, Prijono S, Soemarno, Ariffin. Improvement of soil moisture storage in clove plantation land using biopore technology and organic material litters. Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management, 2021; 8(2):2601-10.

[33]Ashabie AS, Masjud YI. The study of biopore infiltration holes (BIH) implementation to reduce waterlogging in president university campus Area. In IOP conference series: earth and environmental science 2022 (pp. 1-10). IOP Publishing.

[34]Karmiathi NM, Yoga PM. The grounding resistance improvement of distribution substation using multiple rods and wood charcoal as soil treatment. Matrix: Jurnal Manajemen Teknologi dan Informatika. 2023; 13(1):33-41.

[35]Pavlovich IA, Baraishuk SM. Reducing the electrical resistance of grounding devices by using a soil-substituting mixture based on graphite and hydrogel to stabilize the electrophysical parameters of the soil. Energy. News of Higher Educational Institutions and Energy Associations of the CIS. 2023; 66(4):322-32.

[36]Pavlovich IА, Baraishuk SM. The use of hydrogels in mixtures to reduce the transient resistance of the soil-grounding device. In international summer school: collection of the international scientific and practical conference of young scientists, Аlmaty 2022 (pp. 31-8).

[37]Barbosa LA, Lima FV, Gerke HH. Neutron imaging of exchange flow between biopore and matrix for BT versus C horizons. Vadose Zone Journal. 2024:e20320.

[38]Nugraha F, Akbar AA, Jumiati J. The use of the biopore technique to improve soil quality and the growth of beach Casuarina plants on the reclaimed former tin mine land in Bangka Belitung islands. Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management. 2024; 11(3):5849-63.

[39]Yaseen AY, Kshash FJ, Sahood YA. Impact of neutral grounding system on short circuit current in Iraqi power system. In AIP conference proceedings 2024. AIP Publishing.

[40]Andrade AF, Da CEG, Lira GR. Methods for field measurement of electrical parameters of soil as functions of frequency. Electric Power Systems Research. 2021; 199:107447.

[41]Garba J, Samsuri AW, Hamdani MS, Sadiq TF, Nabayi A. Glyphosate degradation in Malaysian sandy loam soil amended with cow dung or rice husk ash as influenced by soil moisture content. Malaysian Journal of Soil Science. 2022; 26:44-54.

[42]Aziz NI, Othman N, Altowayti WA, Yunus ZM, Fitriani N, Din MF, et al. Hardness removal of groundwater through sand, zeolite and rice husk activated carbon. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences. 2021; 25:605-21.

[43]El-tous Y, Alkhawaldeh SA. An efficient method for earth resistance reduction using the Dead sea water. Energy and Power Engineering. 2014; 6(4):47–53.

[44]Shawver S, Ishii S, Strickland MS, Badgley B. Soil type and moisture content alter soil microbial responses to manure from cattle administered antibiotics. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2024:1-4.

[45]Wang W, Zhang Q, Xu J, Zheng D, Liu L, Su Y. Hydrodynamic resistance of pore–throat structures and its effect on shale oil apparent permeability. International Journal of Coal Science & Technology. 2024; 11(1):1-10.

[46]Illias HA, Su CS, Bakar AH. Investigation on soil resistivity of two‐layer soil structures using finite element analysis method. IET Science, Measurement & Technology. 2021; 15(2):120-9.

[47]Leal AG, López-salamanca HL, Lazzaretti AE, Marcilio DC. A new approach for ground resistance measurements in onshore wind farms based on clamp-on meters and artificial neural network. Electric Power Systems Research. 2022; 210:108161.

[48]Bilal M, Khattak A, Ahmed N, Qureshi SA. Earthing analysis of high voltage laboratory at USPCAS-E, NUST. Engineering Proceedings. 2022; 20(1):1-6.

[49]Halim NH, Hairuddin MF, Arshad SN, Isa M, Adzis Z, Khang AW. Analysis on topology of grounding system using bentonite and coconut husk as additive material. Universal Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. 2019; 6(5):50-8.

[50]Wang B, Wang H, Zhang L, Zhu D, Lin D, Wan S. A data-driven method to detect and localize the single-phase grounding fault in distribution network based on synchronized phasor measurement. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking. 2019; 2019:1-3.