Abstract

Piled raft foundations (PRF) are commonly used in areas with unstable or weak soil conditions, where traditional foundations may not provide adequate support for tall buildings and large structures. Previous studies on PRF assumed that the connecting piles were solid, and the concept of hollow PRF remained unexplored. Nonetheless, the piles that are firmly attached to the raft in this type of foundation system can be regarded as having hollow cross-sections for cost-efficiency. The present research undertakes a comparative analysis of hollow and solid PRF, focusing on square-cross-section piles using finite element analysis (FEA) through Abaqus three-dimensional (3D) software. In this study purely vertical loading up to 1.0 MPa is considered for thorough analysis. In the case of a hollow PRF, the piles are typically hollow, and during the installation process, the empty spaces within the hollow piles in a combined PRF are typically filled with soil material from the surrounding foundation area. As a result, it has found that the pressure settlement behaviour of a hollow PRF with an outer diameter of 1.0 m and an inner diameter of 0.5 m exhibits a similar tendency to that of a solid PRF with the same outer diameter. In this manner hollow PRF represent the more suitable and cost-effective foundation type. This process enhances both strength and stability, while also reducing the amount of material required for casting the foundation.

Keyword

Piled raft foundations, Finite element analysis, Comparative study, Abaqus 3D, Hollow piled raft.

Cite this article

Singh GG, Tiwari R, Kumar V.Parametric analysis and performance evaluation of piled raft foundations: comparing hollow and conventional systems. International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration. 2024;11(118):1198-1216. DOI:10.19101/IJATEE.2023.10102501

Refference

[1]Chanda D, Saha R, Haldar S. Behaviour of piled raft foundation in sand subjected to combined VMH loading. Ocean Engineering. 2020; 216:107596.

[2]Burland JB, Broms BB, De MVF. Behaviour of foundations and structures. 1978: 495-546.

[3]Fraser RA, Wardle LJ. Numerical analysis of rectangular rafts on layered foundations. Geotechnique. 1976; 26(4):613-30.

[4]Cho J, Lee JH, Jeong S, Lee J. The settlement behavior of piled raft in clay soils. Ocean Engineering. 2012; 53:153-63.

[5]Cooke RW. Piled raft foundations on stiff clays-a contribution to design philosophy. Geotechnique. 1986; 36(2):169-203.

[6]Fioravante V, Giretti D, Jamiolkowski M. Physical modeling of raft on settlement reducing piles. In from research to practice in geotechnical engineering 2008 (pp. 206-29).

[7]Horikoshi K, Randolph MF. Estimation of overall settlement of piled rafts. Soils and Foundations. 1999; 39(2):59-68.

[8]Randolph MF. Design methods for pile group and piled rafts. International Conference on Information and Education Innovations 1994 (pp. 61-82).

[9]Clancy P, Randolph MF. Simple design tools for piled raft foundations. Geotechnique. 1996; 46(2):313-28.

[10]De SL, Mandolini A. Bearing capacity of piled rafts on soft clay soils. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. 2006; 132(12):1600-10.

[11]Poulos HG. Practical design procedures for design applications of raft foundations. 2000:425.

[12]Clancy P, Randolph MF. An approximate analysis procedure for piled raft foundations. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics. 1993; 17(12):849-69.

[13]Katzenbach R, Arslan U, Moormann C, Reul OJ. Piled raft foundation: interaction between piles and raft. Darmstadt Geotechnics. 1998; 4(2):279-96.

[14]Poulos HG. Piled raft foundations: design and applications. Geotechnique. 2001; 51(2):95-113.

[15]Ta LD, Small JC. Analysis of piled raft systems in layered soil. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics. 1996; 20(1):57-72.

[16]Horikoshi K, Randolph MF. A contribution to optimum design of piled rafts. Geotechnique. 1998; 48(3):301-17.

[17]Poulos HG, Davis EH. Pile foundation analysis and design. TRID; 1980.

[18]Haghighy P. Improving the bearing capacity of foundations using micropiles. Elastic. 2017; 2(105):38-46.

[19]Rabiei M, Choobbasti AJ. Piled raft design strategies for high rise buildings. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering. 2016; 34:75-85.

[20]Jeong S, Park J, Chang DW. An approximate numerical analysis of rafts and piled-rafts foundation. Computers and Geotechnics. 2024; 168:106108.

[21]Nguyen NV, Vinh LB, Vo TT. Load-sharing mechanism of piled-raft foundation: a numerical study. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering. 2022; 26(15):7916-31.

[22]Bhartiya P, Basu D, Chakraborty T. Nonlinear settlement of piled rafts in sandy soil. International Journal of Geomechanics. 2021; 21(11):04021214.

[23]Bhartiya P, Chakraborty T, Basu D. Load-settlement response of piled raft foundations in sand. Geomechanics and Geoengineering. 2022; 17(4):1260-83.

[24]Ahmed D, Bt TSN, Ayadat T, Hasan A. Numerical analysis of the carrying capacity of a piled raft foundation in soft clayey soils. Civil Engineering Journal. 2022; 8(4):622-36.

[25]Tarenia K, Patra NR, Rajesh S, Mondal A. Behavior of rigid piled-raft foundation subjected to compressive loading considering time effect: an experimental and analytical study. International Journal of Geomechanics. 2023; 23(12):04023236.

[26]Chanda D, Nath U, Saha R, Haldar S. Development of lateral capacity-based envelopes of piled raft foundation under combined VMH loading. International Journal of Geomechanics. 2021; 21(6):04021075.

[27]Chanda D, Saha R, Haldar S, Choudhury D. State-of-the-art review on responses of combined piled raft foundation subjected to seismic loads using static and dynamic approaches. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. 2023; 169:107869.

[28]Kumar A, Choudhury D, Katzenbach R. Effect of earthquake on combined pile–raft foundation. International Journal of Geomechanics. 2016; 16(5):04016013.

[29]Roy J, Kumar A, Choudhury D. Pseudostatic approach to analyze combined pile–raft foundation. International Journal of Geomechanics. 2020; 20(10):06020028.

[30]Mali S, Singh B. Behavior of large piled-raft foundation on clay soil. Ocean Engineering. 2018; 149:205-16.

[31]Modak R, Singh B. A parametric study of large piled raft foundations on clay soil. Ocean Engineering. 2022; 262:112251.

[32]Sinha A, Hanna AM. 3D numerical model for piled raft foundation. International Journal of Geomechanics. 2017; 17(2):04016055.

[33]El-garhy BM. A simplified method for the nonlinear analysis of composite piled raft foundation. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering. 2022; 40(9):4357-75.

[34]Chaudhuri CH, Chanda D, Saha R, Haldar S. Three-dimensional numerical analysis on seismic behavior of soil-piled raft-structure system. Structures. 2020; 28:905-22. Elsevier.

[35]Deb P, Pal SK. Analysis of load sharing response and prediction of interaction behaviour in piled raft foundation. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering. 2019; 44:8527-43.

[36]Deb P, Debnath B, Reang RB, Pal SK. Structural analysis of piled raft foundation in soft soil: an experimental simulation and parametric study with numerical method. Ocean Engineering. 2022; 261:112139.

[37]Kumar A, Choudhury D. Development of new prediction model for capacity of combined pile-raft foundations. Computers and Geotechnics. 2018; 97:62-8.

[38]Lee S, Moon JS. Effect of interactions between piled raft components and soil on behavior of piled raft foundation. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering. 2017; 21:243-52.

[39]Samanta M, Bhowmik R. 3D numerical analysis of piled raft foundation in stone column improved soft soil. International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. 2019; 13(5):474-83.

[40]Deb P, Pal SK. Structural and geotechnical aspects of piled raft foundation through numerical analysis. Marine Georesources & Geotechnology. 2022; 40(7):823-46.

[41]Bekki H, Tali B, Canou J, Dupla JC. Effect of cyclic loading at a large number of cycles on the bearing capacity of piles in sand. Acta Geotechnica. 2024; 19(2):591-604.

[42]Tarenia K, Patra NR, Rajesh S, Mondal A. Long-term response of piled-raft foundations subjected to incremental compressive loads. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering. 2024; 49(4):5785-816.

[43]Roh Y, Kim I, Kim G, Lee J. Comparative analysis of axial load capacity for piled-raft foundation with changes in groundwater level. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering. 2019; 23:4250-8.

[44]Soares WC, Coutinho RQ, Pinto DCR. Piled raft with hollow auger piles founded in a Brazilian granular deposit. Canadian Geotechnical Journal. 2015; 52(8):1005-22.

[45]Das B, Saha R, Haldar S. Effect of in-situ variability of soil on seismic design of piled raft supported structure incorporating dynamic soil-structure-interaction. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. 2016; 84:251-68.

[46]http://130.149.89.49:2080/v2016/pdf_books/CAE.pdf, Accessed 30 July 2024.

[47]Helwany S. Applied soil mechanics with ABAQUS applications. John Wiley & Sons; 2007.

[48]Bowles JE, Guo Y. Foundation analysis and design. New York: McGraw-hill; 1996.

[49]Reul O, Randolph MF. Design strategies for piled rafts subjected to nonuniform vertical loading. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. 2004; 130(1):1-13.

[50]Lee J, Kim Y, Jeong S. Three-dimensional analysis of bearing behavior of piled raft on soft clay. Computers and Geotechnics. 2010; 37(1-2):103-14.

[51]BIS (bureau of Indian standards). Concrete piles, section 4: precast concrete piles in prebored holes (first revision). Indian standard for design and construction of pile foundations–code of practice, IS 2911 part 1. 2010 New Delhi, India: BIS.