Integrated ANN-based IPFC for optimal power flow control in power systems
Abhijit Snajay Pande 1 and Prakash G. Burade1
Corresponding Author : Abhijit Snajay Pande
Recieved : 02-May-2024; Revised : 26-Mar-2025; Accepted : 28-Mar-2025
Abstract
Integrating an interline power flow controller (IPFC) with an artificial neural network (ANN)-based control system is an effective approach to enhancing power system efficiency and performance. This study presents a comprehensive investigation into optimal power flow (OPF) regulation in power systems through the integration of IPFC and ANN-based control techniques. The primary objective is to ensure the robustness and reliability of the power system. The proposed system optimizes power flow using advanced ANN-based control strategies. The ANN control system dynamically adjusts IPFC parameters in real time, enabling adaptive and efficient power flow management. Leveraging the capabilities of ANN, the system effectively handles fluctuating loads, network disturbances, and operational uncertainties, thereby improving overall system performance. Simulation studies are conducted using MATLAB 2016b to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed IPFC-ANN control system. The simulation framework facilitates the analysis of complex power system scenarios, including multiple interconnected nodes, varying load demands, and diverse operating conditions. Key performance metrics, such as system efficiency, voltage stability, and power loss reduction, are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control method. The results demonstrate that the integrated IPFC-ANN control system consistently achieves an efficiency of over 92%, outperforming conventional control methods.
Keywords
Optimal power flow, Interline power flow controller, Artificial neural network, Power system stability, Adaptive control strategies, Voltage regulation and loss reduction.
References
[1] Nazir MS, Ullah H, Larik NA, Chu Z, Tian P, Sohail HM, et al. Integrating FACTS technologies into renewable energy systems: potential and challenges. International Journal of Ambient Energy. 2024; 45(1):2409827.
[2] Kodeeswara KG, Rajesh P, Kumaravel S, Irusapparajan G. Two-area power system stability analysis by frequency controller with UPFC synchronization and energy storage systems by optimization approach. International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering. 2023; 14(2):270-84.
[3] Makanju TD, Famoriji OJ, Shongwe T. Machine learning approaches for power system parameters prediction: a systematic review. IEEE Access. 2024; 12:66646-79.
[4] Cai H, Hu C, Wu X. Preventive-security-constrained optimal power flow model considering IPFC control modes. Energies. 2024; 17(7):1-16.
[5] Narender RN, Chandrasheker O, Srujana A. Power quality enhancement in micro grids by employing MPC-EKF. International Journal of Engineering and Technology (UAE). 2018; 7(3):996-9.
[6] Bauer P, Kazmierkowski MP, Strzelecki R. Multilevel converters. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences. 2017; 65(5):563-5.
[7] Malinowski M. Cascaded multilevel converters in recent research and applications. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences. 2017; 65(5):567-78.
[8] Srividhya JP, Prabha KL, Jaisiva S, Rajan CS. Power quality enhancement in smart microgrid system using convolutional neural network integrated with interline power flow controller. Electrical Engineering. 2024; 106(6):6773-96.
[9] Feleke S, Pydi B, Satish R, Anteneh D, Aboras KM, Kotb H, et al. DE-based design of an intelligent and conventional hybrid control system with IPFC for AGC of interconnected power system. Sustainability. 2023; 15(7):1-23.
[10] Kumar P. Application of fact devices for voltage stability in a power system. In 9th international conference on intelligent systems and control 2015 (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
[11] Khan IA, Mokhlis H, Mansor NN, Illias HA, Daraz A, Ramasamy AK, et al. Load frequency control in power systems with high renewable energy penetration: a strategy employing PIλ (1+ PDF) controller, hybrid energy storage, and IPFC-FACTS. Alexandria Engineering Journal. 2024; 106:337-66.
[12] Xu B, Miao W. Improved PFC-PID control based on CFPSO for heat exchanger outlet temperature system. In 5th international conference on intelligent control, measurement and signal processing 2023 (pp. 478-84). IEEE.
[13] Gupta SK, Yadav NK, Kumar M. Effect of FACTS devices on congestion management using active & reactive power rescheduling. In 2nd international conference on power electronics, intelligent control and energy systems 2018 (pp. 50-5). IEEE.
[14] Wang H, Ji C, Shi C, Yang J, Wang S, Ge Y, et al. Multi-objective optimization of a hydrogen-fueled wankel rotary engine based on machine learning and genetic algorithm. Energy. 2023; 263:125961.
[15] Seetharamudu S, Pakkiraiah B. A new converter topology designed for cascaded h bridge fifteen level inverter. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology. 2019; 8(6S3):792-5.
[16] Jyothi B, Rao MV. Performance analysis of 3-level 5-phase multilevel inverter topologies. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering. 2017; 7(4):1696-705.
[17] Soliman AM, Bahaa M, Mehanna MA. PSO tuned interval type-2 fuzzy logic for load frequency control of two-area multi-source interconnected power system. Scientific Reports. 2023; 13(1):1-14.
[18] Zadehbagheri M, Ildarabadi R, Sutikno T. A unified power flow controller-based robust damping controller considering time delay in electrical power systems. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. 2023; 31(3):1295-310.
[19] Thumu R, Reddy KH. A review on fuzzy-GA based controller for power flow control in grid connected PV system. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering. 2017; 7(1):125-33.
[20] Babu GS, Reddy R, Nittala R, Reddy KS. Comparative analysis of control techniques for interline power flow controller. In 3rd international conference for convergence in technology 2018 (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
[21] Boreddy SDK, Kumar MH, HoD AP. Design and implementation of neural network controller based modified UIPC for power flow control in grid connected hybrid microgrids. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology. 2023; 10(1):239-52.
[22] Kabziński J, Orłowska-Kowalska T, Sikorski A, Bartoszewicz A. Adaptive, predictive and neural approaches in drive automation and control of power converters. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences. 2020; 68(5):959-62.
[23] Zhang Y, An Y, Wang G, Kong X. Multi motor neural PID relative coupling speed synchronous control. Archives of Electrical Engineering. 2020; 69(1):69-88.
[24] Chethan M, Kuppan R. A review of FACTS device implementation in power systems using optimization techniques. Journal of Engineering and Applied Science. 2024; 71(1):1-36.
[25] Qader MR. Identifying the optimal controller strategy for DC motors. Archives of Electrical Engineering. 2019; 68(1):101-14.
[26] Kunapareddy TB, Bali SK. Optimal power flow of power system with unified power flow controller using moth flame optimization with locational marginal price. Contemporary Mathematics. 2024:1181-96.
[27] Sharma S, Gupta S, Zuhaib M, Bhuria V, Malik H, Almutairi A, et al. A comprehensive review on STATCOM: paradigm of modeling, control, stability, optimal location, integration, application, and installation. IEEE Access. 2023; 12:2701-29.
[28] Abdullayevich KN, Akromo’g NM, Olimjono’g’li EJ. Functions of facts devices with innovation technology in the electrical energy system. Journal of Engineering Sciences. 2024; 7(5):12-6.
[29] Daram SB, Cheepati KR, Prabha KS, Venkatesh P. Cyber security constrained power system with TCSC under n-1 contingency condition. Innovations in Computational Intelligence, Big Data Analytics and Internet of Things. 2024:299-319.
[30] Naga SKC, Goud BS, Reddy CR, Bajaj M, Rao GS. SMES and TCSC coordinated strategy for multi-area multi-source system with water cycle algorithm based 3DOF-PID controller. Smart Science. 2023; 11(1):1-5.
[31] Hamed ZE, Mohamed HS, Nassar I. Impact study of solar energy on power system state estimation utilizing weighted least square technique. Journal of Al-Azhar University Engineering Sector. 2024; 19(72):212-33.
[32] Naga SKCH, Joshi N, Bajaj M. Improvement of voltage and frequency regulation in the combined LFC and AVR of a two-area interconnected power system. In international conference on electric power and renewable energy 2024 (pp. 83-94). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
[33] Shobeiry SM. AI-enabled modern power systems: challenges, solutions, and recommendations. In artificial intelligence in the operation and control of digitalized power systems 2024 (pp. 19-67). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
[34] Diab AA, Fawzy IY, El-sawy AM, Abo EAG. Voltage stability enhancement in electrical transmission networks using STATCOM with two different controllers: case study in middle EGYPT electricity zone. Journal of Advanced Engineering Trends. 2025; 44(1):315-43.
[35] Biswal GR, Mohanty B. Frequency and voltage stability of multi microgrid system using 2-DOF TIDF fuzzy controller. Smart Science. 2024; 12(2):213-36.
[36] Lolamo M, Kumar R, Sharma V. Power quality improvement in renewable energy integrated grid: a review. International Journal of Power and Energy Conversion. 2024; 15(4):352-75.
[37] Mbae M, Nwulu N. Power systems 4.0: current trends and future outlook. CRC Press; 2025.
[38] Aruna B, Rameah A. Neural control of interconnected AC-DC microgrids in grid-connected hybrid microgrids. Applied GIS. 2019; 7(1):1-17.