Abstract

Recent developments in the field of telecommunication have provided the ability to design and manufacture wireless sensor networks (WSNs) with low power consumption, small size and affordable prices. The structure of these networks is such that sensor nodes are placed in inaccessible places, because of that it is almost impossible to charge or replace their batteries. Due to the limited resources of these nodes, the main challenge in these networks is to manage energy consumption and increase their lifetime. Media access control protocols (MACs) are introduced in the lower layer of the network, and their main function is to provide access to a common media in order to avoid collisions between different nodes. In this paper, an asynchronous multi-channel media access control protocol was introduced to configure the sleep and wake-up time of the nodes as well as set the meeting of the nodes in order to exchange data. This protocol makes it possible to use multiple channels for sending and receiving frames without creating synchronization overhead. And as a result, it reduces energy consumption and increases packet delivery rates on the network. The evaluation results of the proposed protocol show that the proposed method works better in energy consumption, operational power, delay and the ratio of packets to the destination, package rate and send multiple data steps compared to other MAC-based methods.

Keyword

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), Media access control protocol (MAC), Non-continuous multi-channel media access control protocol, Energy consumption and lifetime.

Cite this article

Refference

[1][1]Yu Q, Li G, Hang X, Fu K. An energy efficient MAC protocol for wireless passive sensor networks. Future Internet. 2017; 9(2):1-12.

[2][2]Bagherizadeh M, Kazemi R. A high performance and secure way to time synchronization in wireless sensor network. Journal of Advances in Computer Research. 2016.

[3][3]Hoang AT, Motani M. Collaborative broadcasting and compression in cluster-based wireless sensor networks. ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks. 2007; 3(3): 1-34.

[4][4]Enz CC, El-Hoiydi A, Decotignie JD, Peiris V. Wise NET: an ultralow-power wireless sensor network solution. Computer. 2004; 37(8):62-70.

[5][5]Tang L, Sun Y, Gurewitz O, Johnson DB. EM-MAC: a dynamic multichannel energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks. In proceedings of the international symposium on mobile Ad Hoc networking and computing 2011(p. 23). ACM.

[6][6]Lim JB, Jang B, Sichitiu ML. MCAS-MAC: a multichannel asynchronous scheduled MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks. Computer Communications. 2015; 56:98-107.

[7][7]Huang P, Xiao L, Soltani S, Mutka MW, Xi N. The evolution of MAC protocols in wireless sensor networks: a survey. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials. 2013; 15(1):101-20.

[8][8]Jung WS, Lim KW, Ko YB, Park SJ. Efficient clustering-based data aggregation techniques for wireless sensor networks. Wireless Networks. 2011; 17(5):1387-400.

[9][9]Verma A, Singh MP, Singh JP, Kumar P. Survey of MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks. In second international conference on advances in computing and communication engineering 2015 (pp. 92-7). IEEE.

[10][10]Ye W, Heidemann J, Estrin D. An energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks. In proceedings of the annual joint conference of the IEEE computer and communications societies 2002 (pp. 1567-76). IEEE.

[11][11]El-Hoiydi A, Decotignie JD. WiseMAC: an ultra-low power MAC protocol for multi-hop wireless sensor networks. International symposium on algorithms and experiments for sensor systems, wireless networks and distributed robotics 2004 (pp.18-31). Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

[12][12]El-Hoiydi A. Spatial TDMA and CSMA with preamble sampling for low power Ad Hoc wireless sensor networks. In international symposium on computers and communications 2002 (pp. 685-92). IEEE.

[13][13]Van Dam T, Langendoen K. An adaptive energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks. In proceedings of the international conference on embedded networked sensor systems 2003 (pp. 171-80). ACM.

[14][14]Lu G, Krishnamachari B, Raghavendra CS. An adaptive energy-efficient and low-latency MAC for data gathering in wireless sensor networks. In proceedings of the international symposium on parallel and distributed processing 2004 (p. 224). IEEE.

[15][15]Lin P, Qiao C, Wang X. Medium access control with a dynamic duty cycle for sensor networks. In wireless communications and networking conference 2004 (pp. 1534-9). IEEE.

[16][16]Yessad S, Nait-Abdesselam F, Taleb T, Bensaou B. R-MAC: reservation medium access control protocol for wireless sensor networks. In local computer networks 2007 (pp. 719-24). IEEE.

[17][17]Gong D, Zhao M, Yang Y. A multi-channel cooperative MIMO MAC protocol for clustered wireless sensor networks. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing. 2014; 74(11):3098-114.

[18][18]Jang B, Lim JB, Sichitiu ML. An asynchronous scheduled MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks. Computer Networks. 2013; 57(1):85-98.